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- $Unique_ID{BRK03570}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Carpal Tunnel Syndrome}
- $Subject{Carpal Tunnel Syndrome CTS Thenar Amyotrophy of Carpal Origin Median
- Neuritis Median Neuropathy Constrictive Median Neuropathy Thoracic Outlet
- Syndrome Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease Pronator quadratus syndrome
- Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome Peripheral Neuropathy Ulnar Nerve Palsy
- Radial Nerve Palsy Peripheral Neuropathy}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 391:
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- CTS
- Thenar Amyotrophy of Carpal Origin
- Median Neuritis
- Median Neuropathy
- Constrictive Median Neuropathy
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease
- Pronator quadratus syndrome
- Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Ulnar Nerve Palsy
- Radial Nerve Palsy
- Peripheral Neuropathy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition caused by compression of
- peripheral nerves affecting one or both hands. It is characterized by a
- sensation of numbness, tingling, burning and/or pain in the hand and wrist.
- Persons affected by this disorder may be awakened at night with the feeling
- that the hand has "gone to sleep". Strain or injury involving the hand and
- wrist, or various other disorders may cause CTS. The disorder can appear as
- a symptom of various other diseases or may occur as a single primary
- condition. With timely treatment, the prognosis in most cases is favorable.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Major symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) include a sensation of
- numbness, tingling, burning and/or slight pain in the hand and wrist. This
- sensation can be temporary at first, later becoming chronic. It can cause
- patients to awaken during the night. Left untreated, muscle atrophy in the
- hand may develop. All of the fingers may not be affected. Weakness or
- clumsiness in gripping objects may occur if the thumb is involved. Symptoms
- may become worse with activities that require wrist flexion or prolonged
- gripping such as driving for long periods of time.
-
- Causes
-
- A rare genetic type of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) was found to be inherited
- through male to male transmission according to a 1979 study. Symptoms of
- this form of CTS may be linked to a deficiency of Vitamin B-6, but it is very
- rare.
-
- The non-hereditary type of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is very prevalent and
- its causes are varied. Any stress or injury that narrows the carpal canal in
- the wrist can put pressure on the median nerve leading to the hand. Wrist
- fractures or dislocations can cause bone spurs or thickenings. Occupational
- requirements of prolonged gripping or wrist flexion can increase the risk of
- CTS (e.g., carpenter, typist, meat cutter, etc.).
-
- Sports-related causes of median nerve compression may involve a wide
- range of symptoms including wrist tendon inflammation, narrowing (stenosis)
- of the carpal canal and incomplete or partial wrist dislocation with possible
- displacement of blood vessels. Additionally, inborn muscle, bone, nerve or
- blood vessel abnormalities may combine with overexertion or injury to cause
- CTS. Tumors of the wrist are extremely rare but may cause Carpal Tunnel
- Syndrome (CTS).
-
- CTS has been described as a symptom of Amyloid Neuropathy, the
- Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS Disorders), and the Mucolipidoses (ML Disorders).
- (For more information on these disorders, choose "Amyloidosis," MPS Disorders
- and ML Disorders as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Inflammatory disorders such as Rheumatoid Arthritis or Gout (a hereditary
- form of arthritis usually affecting a single joint) can cause swelling in the
- wrist thus putting pressure on the median nerve. Acromegaly (characterized
- by enlargement of bones in the extremities) may cause CTS if the wrist is
- affected. Other disorders that can cause the syndrome include myxedema
- (swelling with dry, waxy skin) or Diabetes. Pregnancy may also trigger the
- onset of some cases of this disorder.
-
- For more information on the above disorders, see the Arthritis section of
- the Prevalent Health Conditions/Concerns area of NORD Services, and choose
- "acromegaly" and "diabetes" as your search terms in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) occurs five times more frequently in females
- (usually between forty and sixty years of age) than males. A hereditary form
- of CTS occurs mostly in males and usually begins during the second decade of
- life. However, children can also get CTS.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Peripheral Neuropathy is a term encompassing disorders with sensory, motor,
- reflex and blood vessel (vasomotor) disorders including Carpal Tunnel
- Syndrome. (For more information on this disorder, choose Peripheral
- Neuropathy as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- The following disorders have similar symptoms to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- (CTS). Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Ulnar Nerve Palsy is characterized by compression and entrapment of a
- nerve in the elbow caused by injury. Pain, prickling and burning sensations
- or numbness in the fourth and fifth fingers, plus weakness and wasting of the
- thumb and surrounding muscles are symptoms of this disorder. Severe chronic
- ulnar palsy may produce a "claw-hand" deformity.
-
- Radial Nerve Palsy, also known as "Saturday night palsy", is a nerve
- compression and entrapment disturbance caused by pressure on the nerve by the
- upper arm bone (humerus). This can occur when the arm is draped over the
- back of a chair for long periods of time such as deep sleep. Symptoms may
- include weakness of the wrist and hand and numbness particularly of the first
- two fingers.
-
- Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome is characterized by pain in the
- forearm with weakness and loss of dexterity in the hand. The disorder can be
- caused by injuries or strenuous exercise. Pain is a major symptom, numbness
- usually does not occur. Some muscle changes may develop in time.
-
- Pronator quadratus syndrome is another median nerve compression syndrome
- that must be differentiated from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Pain in the forearm
- and palm characterizes this syndrome. Strenuous exercise often increases the
- pain. A tingling sensation may be felt when pressure is applied to the
- affected area. This disorder occurs less frequently than Carpal Tunnel
- Syndrome (CTS).
-
- Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease is characterized by a "slipped disc"
- (acute herniated cervical discs). This disorder may also cause pain and
- numbness in the hand. With neck area (cervical) discs, the onset of symptoms
- are usually abrupt. Nerve root compression can cause gradual loss of
- reflexes. X-rays can be useful to identify the spinal disc involvement.
-
- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can also cause pain and numbness in the hand and
- arm. This compression syndrome can occur in conjunction with compression of
- the brachial plexus nerves as they pass over the first rib and between the
- muscles in the shoulder region. Symptoms of this disorder affect the side of
- the forearm closest to the body and the side of the hand opposite the thumb
- (ulnar).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) varies according to severity and
- persistence of symptoms. Mild symptoms with no muscle atrophy may be treated
- using steroidal and nonsteroidal medications. Splinting to immobilize the
- wrist is recommended. Corticosteroid drugs also may be injected into the
- carpal tunnel. However, great care must be taken not to inject the steroid
- into the nerve.
-
- If symptoms are severe, if conservative measures fail, or if there is
- significant muscle weakness, surgical decompression of the carpal canal can
- be performed. If pressure on the median nerve has persisted for a prolonged
- period of time, recovery may be incomplete. In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS),
- an electromyogram (EMG) to test nerve conduction velocities should be
- performed before surgery. This test can increase success rates by ruling out
- other nerve compression conditions.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Association
- P.O. Box 514
- Santa Rosa, CA 95402-0514
- (517) 792-1337
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: D.M. Ditmars, et al.; Hand Clin (August 1986, issue
- 2(3)). Pp. 525-532.
-
- SPORTS-RELATED EXTRAARTICULAR WRIST SYNDROMES: M.B. Wood, et al.; Clin
- Orthop (January 1986, issue 202). Pp. 93-102.
-
- ACUTE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. COMPLICATIONS OF DELAYED DECOMPRESSION:
- D.J. Ford, et al.; J Bone Joint Surg [Br] (November 1986, issue 68(5)). Pp.
- 758-759.
-
-